Pã (Lupércio ou Lupercus em Roma) era o deus dos bosques, dos campos, dos rebanhos e dos pastores na mitologia grega. Residia em grutas e vagava pelos vales e pelas montanhas, caçando ou dançando com as ninfas. Era representado com orelhas, chifres e pernas de bode. Amante da música, trazia sempre consigo uma flauta. Era temido por todos aqueles que necessitavam atravessar as florestas à noite, pois as trevas e a solidão da travessia os predispunham a pavores súbitos, desprovidos de qualquer causa aparente e que eram atribuídos a Pã; daí o nome pânico.
Os latinos chamavam-no também de Fauno e Silvano.
Tornou-se símbolo do mundo por ser associado à natureza e simbolizar o universo. Em Roma, chamado de Lupércio, era o deus dos pastores e de seu festival, celebrado no aniversário da fundação de seu templo, denominado de Lupercália, nos dias 15, 16 e 17 de fevereiro. Pã foi associado com a caverna onde Rômulo e Remo foram amamentados por uma loba. Os sacerdotes que o cultuavam vestiam-se de pele de bode.
Nos últimos dias de Roma, os lobos ferozes vagavam próximos às casas. Os romanos então convidavam Lupercus para manter os lobos afastados. Pã apaixonou-se por Syrinx, que rejeitou com desdém o seu amor, recusando-se a aceitá-lo como seu amante pelo facto de ele não ser nem homem, nem bode.
Pã então perseguiu-a, mas Syrinx, ao chegar à margem do rio Ladon e vendo que já não tinha possibilidade de fuga, pediu às ninfas dos rios, as náiades, que mudassem a sua forma. Estas, ouvindo as suas preces, atendem o seu pedido a transformando em bambu. Quando Pã a alcançou e a quis agarrar, não havia nada, excepto o bambu e o som que o ar produzia ao atravessá-lo.
Quando, ao ouvir este som, Pã ficou encantado, e resolveu então juntar bambus de diferentes tamanhos, inventando um instrumento musical ao qual chamou syrinx, em honra à ninfa. Este instrumento musical é conhecido mais pelo nome de Flauta de Pã, em honra ao próprio deus.
Pã teria sido um dos filhos de Zeus com sua ama de leite, a cabra Amaltéia. Seu grande amor no entanto foi Selene, a Lua. Em uma versão egípcia, Pã estava com outros deuses nas margens do Rio Nilo e surgiu Tífon, inimigo dos deuses. O medo transformou cada um dos deuses em animais e Pã, assustado, mergulhou num rio e disfarçou assim metade de seu corpo, sobrando apenas a cabeça e a parte superior do corpo, que se assemelhava a uma cabra; a parte submersa adotou uma aparência aquática. Zeus considerou este estratagema de Pã muito esperto e, como homenagem, transformou-o em uma constelação, a que seria Capricórnio.
Ele também é representado como deus da floresta e da vida selvagem
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